Ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me ngā whakamahinga o te konupūmā hauota

Ko te konupūmā hauota he tote i hangaia e ngā katote hauota me ngā katote konupūmā. He kaha te mimiti makuku o te konupūmā hauota waikore, ka whakamahia hei whakamaroke mō ngā momo matū, hei tāpiri atu ki te puehu rori, te whakapai oneone, te whakamatao, te horoi wai, te whakapiri. He matū whānuitia tēnei hei matū matū, hei rauemi rongoā, hei tāpiri kai, hei tāpiri kai, hei rauemi mata hoki mō te hanga konupūmā whakarewa.

Ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana o te konupūmā hauota

He tioata pūtoru kore tae te konupūmā hauota, he mā, he māwhero rānei, he kirikiri, he poraka honikoma, he porowhita, he kirikiri koretake, he paura. Ko te ira rewa he 782°C, ko te mātotoru he 1.086 g/mL i te 20 °C, ko te ira koropupū he 1600°C, ko te wairewatanga he 740 g/L. He paitini paku, kāore he kakara, he kawa paku te reka. He tino waiora, ā, he ngāwari te memeha ina pā ki te hau.

He ngāwari te wairewa ki te wai, me te tuku i te nui o te wera (te enthalpy wairewa o te konupūmā pūhaumāota o te -176.2cal/g), he paku waikawa tōna wairewa. Ka wairewa ki te waipiro, te acetone, te waikawa acetic. I te tauhohenga ki te haukini, ki te etanoru rānei, ka hangaia ngā matatini CaCl2·8NH3 me CaCl2·4C2H5OH. I te pāmahana iti, ka whakatio te wairewa, ka whakapūpū hei hexahydrate, ka rewa mārire ki roto i tōna ake wai tioata ina werahia ki te 30 °C, ā, ka ngaro mārire te wai ina werahia ki te 200 °C, ā, ka huri hei dihydrate ina werahia ki te 260 °C, ka huri hei konupūmā pūhaumāota waikore mā.

Konupūmā hauota waikore

1, ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te matū: he karaihe pūtoru kore tae, he poraka mā, he poraka mawhero-mā rānei, he totoka kirikiri rānei. Ko te kiato whanaunga he 2.15, ko te ira rewa he 782℃, ko te ira koropupū he neke atu i te 1600℃, he tino kaha te waiora, he ngāwari ki te whakamātao, he ngāwari ki te rewa ki te wai, ā, he nui te wera e tukuna ana, kāore he kakara, he paku kawa te reka, he paku waikawa te wairewa, ka rewa ki te waipiro, ki te winika kiriaku, ki te waikawa acetic.

2, te whakamahinga o te hua: He matū whakapūmau mō te hanga i ngā tae o te roto tae. Te hanga i te hauota, te hau acetylene, te hauwai pūhaumāota, te hāora me ētahi atu hau whakamaroke. Ka whakamahia ngā waipiro, ngā etera, ngā etera me ngā kapia kiriaku hei matū whakamaroke, ā, he mea nui ngā wai whakamātao mō ngā pouaka whakamātao me te pouaka whakamātao. Ka taea e ia te whakatere i te whakapakeketanga o te raima, te whakanui ake i te ātete makariri o te moata sima, ā, he matū ārai huka pai rawa atu. Ka whakamahia hei matū tiaki mō te whakarewa konumohe konupora, hei matū whakamahine.

Konupūmā hauota pāpaka

1, ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te matū: he tioata kore tae, he mā te tae o tēnei hua, he tioata mā-parauri. He reka kawa, he kakara kaha.
Ko tōna mātotoru whanaunga ko te 0.835, he ngāwari ki te wairewa i roto i te wai, he kūpapa, he paku kawakore rānei tōna wairewa wai, he waikura, he wairewa i roto i te waipiro, kāore hoki e wairewa i roto i te etera, ā, ka maroke hei mea kore wai ina werahia ki te 260℃. He rite tonu ngā āhuatanga matū o ētahi atu ki te konupūmā hauota kore wai.

2, mahi me te whakamahinga: te konupūmā pūhaumāota maramara hei whakamatao; te ātete huka; te hukapapa rewa, te hukarere rānei; ngā ārai mura hei whakaoti me te whakaoti i ngā papanga miro; ngā mea tiaki rakau; te hanga rapa hei ātete takai; te māngaro whakaranu hei ātete piri.

Wairewa wai konupūmā pūhaumāota

Ko ngā āhuatanga o te otinga konupūmā pūhaumāota he kawe hiko, he iti ake te ira tio i te wai, he marara te wera ina pā ki te wai, ā, he pai ake te mahi mimiti, ā, ka taea te whakamahi i tōna ira tio iti i roto i ngā momo ahumahi hanga me ngā wāhi tūmatanui.

Te mahi a te otinga konupūmā pūhaumāota:

1. Kawakore: He kawakore te waikura o te konupūmā ira, ā, he pūngāwerewere te hauwai pūhaumāota i muri i te waikura o te kawa pūhaumāota.
2, te kawe hiko: kei roto i te otinga ngā katote ka taea te neke noa.
3, te ira tio: he iti iho te ira tio o te wai konupūmā hauota i te wai.
4, te ira kohua: he teitei ake te ira kohua o te wairewa konupūmā hauota i te wai.
5, tioata mimiti: Ko te tioata mimiti o te konupūmā pūhaumāota wai ka waiho i roto i te āhuarangi ki tonu i te hauwai pūhaumāota.

Whakamaroke

Ka taea te whakamahi i te konupūmā hauota hei whakamaroke, hei whakamaroke rānei i ngā hau me ngā wai rauropi. Heoi, kāore e taea te whakamahi hei whakamaroke i te etanoru me te haukini, nā te mea ka tauhohe te etanoru me te haukini ki te konupūmā hauota hei hanga i te matatini waipiro CaCl2·4C2H5OH me te matatini haukini CaCl2·8NH3. Ka taea hoki te hanga i te konupūmā hauota kore wai hei hua o te whare hei whakamahi hei kaihoko waikore hau, kua whakaaetia e te FDA te konupūmā hauota kore wai hei kaihoko mimiti wai mō te takai tuatahi, ko tana mahi he whakarite kia maroke te patunga.
Nā te mea he kūpapa te konupūmā hauota, ka taea e ia te whakamaroke i ngā hau waikawa, ngā hau kawakore rānei me ngā wai rauropi, engari ka taea hoki te hanga i roto i te taiwhanga i ētahi hau iti pēnei i te hauota, te hāora, te hauwai, te hauwai hauota, te hauhā whanariki, te hauhā waro, te hauhā hauota, me ētahi atu, i te wā e whakamaroke ana i ēnei hau kua puta. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te konupūmā hauota kore wai hei whakamaroke i ngā paipa whakamaroke, ā, ka taea te whakamahi i te rimurimu nunui (te pungarehu rimu rānei) kua whakamarokehia ki te konupūmā hauota hei hanga pungarehu houra. Ko ētahi whakamaroke whare e whakamahi ana i te konupūmā hauota hei mimiti i te makuku mai i te rangi.
Ka horahia te konupūmā hauota waikore ki runga i te mata o te rori onepu, ā, ko te āhuatanga waikore o te konupūmā hauota waikore ka whakamahia hei whakakōpiko i te makuku i te rangi ina iti iho te haumākū o te hau i te tohu tomairangi hei pupuri i te makuku o te mata o te rori, kia taea ai te whakahaere i te puehu i runga i te rori.