Dioxane？ He take whakahāwea noa iho

He aha te dioxane? Nō hea mai?

Ko te tioxane, ko te huarahi tika ki te tuhi ko te tioxane. Nā te mea he uaua rawa te pato i te kino, i roto i tēnei tuhinga ka whakamahia e mātou ngā kupu kino noa. He matū rauropi, e mōhiotia ana ko te tioxane, 1, 4-tioxane, he wai kore tae. He iti te paitini o te tioxane, he pānga whakangāwari me te whakaohooho. E ai ki te Ture Hangarau Haumaru o ngā Whakapaipai i Haina, he wāhanga kua rāhuitia te tioxane o ngā whakapaipai. Nā te mea kua rāhuitia te tāpiri, he aha tonu te kitea o te tioxane i ngā whakapaipai? Mō ngā take e kore e taea te karo, ka taea te whakauru i te tioxane ki roto i ngā whakapaipai hei paru. Nō reira, he aha ngā paru i roto i ngā rauemi mata?

Ko tētahi o ngā kai horoi e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā hopi me ngā horoi tinana ko te waipiro momona konutai ether sulfate, e mōhiotia ana ko te konutai AES, ko te SLES rānei. Ka taea te hanga i tēnei wāhanga mai i te hinu nikau tūturu, i te hinu rānei hei rauemi mata hei waihanga i ngā waipiro momona, engari ka hangaia mā roto i tētahi raupapa o ngā mahi pēnei i te ethoxylation, te sulfonation, me te neutralization. Ko te mahi matua ko te ethoxylation, i tēnei mahi o te tukanga tauhohenga, me whakamahi koe i tētahi rauemi mata o te ethylene oxide, he monomer rauemi mata e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te umanga hanga matū, i roto i te tukanga tauhohenga ethoxylation, hei tāpiri atu ki te tāpiri o te ethylene oxide ki te waipiro momona hei whakaputa i te waipiro momona ethoxylated. He wāhanga iti anō hoki o te ethylene oxide (EO) e rua ngā ngota e rua e whakapūmau ana hei whakaputa i tētahi hua taha, arā, ko te hoariri o te dioxane, ka taea te whakaatu i te tauhohenga motuhake i roto i te pikitia e whai ake nei:

I te nuinga o te wā, ka whai mahi ā muri ake ngā kaihanga rauemi mata hei wehewehe me te pure i te dioxane, he rerekē ngā paerewa a ngā kaihanga rauemi mata rerekē, ka whakahaere anō hoki ngā kaihanga whakapaipai o te ao i tēnei tohu, tata ki te 20 ki te 40ppm. Mō te paerewa ihirangi i roto i te hua kua oti (pēnei i te shampoo, te horoi tinana), kāore he tohu ā-ao motuhake. Whai muri i te aituā shampoo Bawang i te tau 2011, i whakatakoto a Haina i te paerewa mō ngā hua kua oti ki raro iho i te 30ppm.

Ka puta te mate pukupuku i te dioxane, he āwangawanga mō te haumaru?

Hei rauemi mata e whakamahia ana mai i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, kua rangahaua whānuitia te konutai whanariki (SLES) me tōna hua taha, te dioxane. E 30 tau te roa o te rangahau a te United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) i te dioxane i roto i ngā hua kaihoko, ā, kua whakatau a Health Canada kāore te noho o te iti o te dioxane i roto i ngā hua whakapaipai e tūpono ana ki te hauora o ngā kaihoko, tae atu ki ngā tamariki (Kanata). E ai ki te Australian National Occupational Health and Safety Commission, ko te rohe pai rawa atu o te dioxane i roto i ngā taonga kaihoko ko te 30ppm, ā, ko te rohe teitei o te paitini e whakaaetia ana ko te 100ppm. I Haina, i muri i te tau 2012, ko te paerewa rohe o te 30ppm mō te ihirangi dioxane i roto i ngā whakapaipai he iti iho i te rohe teitei e whakaaetia ana ko te 100ppm i raro i ngā tikanga whakamahinga noa.

I tētahi atu taha, me whakanui ko te rohenga o Haina mō te taioxane i roto i ngā paerewa whakapaipai he iti iho i te 30ppm, he paerewa teitei rawa atu tēnei i te ao. Nā te mea he nui ake ngā rohenga o te ihirangi taioxane i tā tātou paerewa, kāore rānei he paerewa mārama:

Ina hoki, he iti noa te rahinga o te taioxane i roto i te taiao. E whakarārangihia ana e te US Toxic Substances and Disease Registry te taioxane hei mea kei roto i te heihei, te tōmato, te kōura, tae noa ki roto i ā tātou wai inu. E kī ana ngā Aratohu mō te Kounga Wai Inu a te Whakahaere Hauora o te Ao (putanga tuatoru) ko te rohenga o te taioxane i roto i te wai he 50 μg/L.

Hei whakarāpopoto i te raruraru mate pukupuku o te dioxane i roto i te rerenga kotahi, arā: ahakoa te horopeta, he mahi nanakia te kōrero mō te kino.

Ko te iti o te ihirangi o te dioxane, ko te pai ake o te kounga, tika?

Ehara i te mea ko te dioxane anake te tohu mō te kounga o te SLES. He mea nui anō hoki kia whakaarohia ētahi atu tohu pēnei i te nui o ngā matū kāore i te whanarikihia me te nui o ngā mea whakapataritari i roto i te hua.

Hei tāpiritanga, he mea nui kia mōhiotia he rerekē ngā rahi o ngā SLES, ko te rerekētanga nui ko te nui o te ethoxylation, ko ētahi he 1 EO, ko ētahi he 2, he 3, he 4 rānei ngā EO (ko te tikanga, ka taea hoki te whakaputa i ngā hua he ira tekau pērā i te 1.3 me te 2.6). Ko te teitei ake o te nui o te ethoxidation, arā, ko te teitei ake o te maha o ngā EO, ko te teitei ake o te ihirangi o te dioxane i hangaia i raro i te tukanga me ngā tikanga purenga kotahi.

Heoi, he mea whakamīharo, ko te take mō te whakanui ake i te EO he whakaiti i te whakapataritari o te surfactant SLES, ā, ki te nui ake te maha o ngā EO SLES, ka iti ake te whakapataritari ki te kiri, arā, ka ngawari ake, ā, ko te ritenga kē. Ki te kore he EO, ka waiho hei SLS, e kore e paingia e ngā wāhanga, he matū whakaohooho.

Nō reira, ko te iti o te ihirangi o te dioxane ehara i te mea he rauemi mata pai. Nā te mea ki te iti te maha o ngā EO, ka nui ake te riri o te rauemi mata.

I TE WHAKARĀPOPOTONGA:

Ehara te Dioxane i te kai e tāpirihia ana e ngā umanga, engari he rauemi mata me noho tonu ki roto i ngā rauemi mata pēnei i te SLES, he mea uaua ki te karo. Ehara i te mea ko te SLES anake, ina hoki, i te mea ka mahia te ethoxylation, ka iti noa te nui o te dioxane, ā, kei roto hoki i ētahi rauemi mata tiaki kiri te dioxane. Mai i te tirohanga aromatawai mōrearea, hei matū toenga, kāore he take ki te whai i te ihirangi 0 tino, me te whakamahi i te hangarau kimi o nāianei, ko te "kāore i kitea" ehara i te mea he 0 te ihirangi.

Nō reira, ko te kōrero mō te kino i tua atu i te horopeta he mahi nanakia. Kua roa e rangahauhia ana te haumaru o te dioxane, ā, kua whakatūria ngā paerewa haumaru me ngā paerewa kua tūtohutia, ā, ko ngā toenga i raro i te 100ppm e kiia ana he haumaru. Engari kāore anō ngā whenua pēnei i te Kotahitanga o Ūropi kia waiho hei paerewa ā-ture. Ko ngā whakaritenga ā-rohe mō te ihirangi o te dioxane i roto i ngā hua he iti iho i te 30ppm.

Nō reira, kāore he take e manukanuka ai ki te mate pukupuku mō te dioxane i roto i te shampoo. Mō ngā kōrero teka i roto i ngā pāpāho, kua mārama koe inaianei he mea noa iho tēnei hei kukume i te aro.