Ngā matū tā me te tae noa

1. Ngā waikawa

waikura
Ko te tātai ngota H2SO4, he wai hinuhinu kore tae, he parauri rānei, he kaha te whakahāngai, he tino mimiti te mīhini waikura, he nui te wera e tukuna ana i roto i te wai, me tāpiri te waikawa ki te wai ina waimeha, ā, kāore e taea te kawe i te ritenga kē, ka whakamahia hei tae waikawa, hei tae reo waikawa, hei tae āwhina tae konukōre waikawa, hei kaihoko whakahāngai huruhuru hipi.

Waikawa acetic
Ko te tātai ngota CH3COOH, he whakarāpopototanga mō te HAC, he wai mārama, he haunga whakarihariha, he ira tio 14 nekehanga, he waikura, ka taea te tahu i te kiri, ka whakamahia hei tae waikawa kaukau ngoikore, hei tae reo waikawa, hei kaiawhina tae matatini kūpapa.

Waikawa formic
Ko te tātai ngota HCOOH, he wai mārama, he haunga whakarihariha, he wai whakaitiiti, he tino waikura, he ngāwari ki te tio i te rangi makariri, ka taea te tahu i te mamaoa waikawa formic, he paitini, ka whakamahia hei tae waikawa, hei tae reo waikawa hei āwhina tae.

Waikawa oxalic
Ko te tātai ngota H2C2O4.2H2O, he tioata mā, ka taea te wehewehe hei paura mā i te hau maroke, he waikawa kaha, he paitini, he ngāwari ki te pirau me te waikura, he paku wairewa ki te wai matao, he ngāwari ki te wairewa ki te wai wera, te etanoru me te etera, e whakamahia ana hei horoi i ngā paru waikura rino.

Waikawa oleic
Ko te tātai ngota C17H33COOH, ingoa pūtaiao ko te waikawa octaenoic, ko te waikawa oleic ahumahi he waikawa tipu me te kararehe, he mama ake i te wai mārama, he wai hinuhinu, ka taea te totoka hei tioata rite ki te ngira i te wā e whakamatao ana, ko te ira rewa he 14 nga nekehanga, e whakamahia ana hei hanga hopi waikawa oleic me te kaihoko whakaheke.

Waikawa tannic
Ko te tātai ngota C14H10O9, he paura waikawa tannic ahumahi te ihirangi 65%-85%, ko te wai te tikanga he 30%-35%, ko te paura kowhai, kowhai marama rānei te paura marama, he mangu haere i te rangi, he wai parauri pouri te waikawa tannic wai, ko te kukū he tata ki te 20-22 nekehanga. Ka pirau te wai i te wā roa ki te hau. Ka puta he para parauri marama, ka wairewa i te wai wera, kāore e wairewa i te wai matao, ā, ka whakamahia hei tae waikawa kaukau ngoikore, hei tae whakakotahi kūpapa hei kaihoko whakatika tae nairona.

2. Ngā kawakawa

Hauwai konutai (houkawa kautika)
Ko te tātai ngota NaOH, he totoka te ihirangi hauwai konutai 95-99.5%, he wai 30-45%, he mā te hauwai konutai totoka, he ngāwari ki te whakangawari, he wairewa ki te wai, he tino waikura, ka pakaru ngā muka kararehe, ka wera nui te kiri, he ngāwari ki te mimiti aunoa i te hauhā waro mai i te rangi ki roto i te konutai kāponāte, me waiho hei ipu pī. Ka whakamahia hei whakarewa mō te whakaiti i ngā tae, hei horoi hoki mō te tango i te tae i muri i te tae nui.

Konutai kāponāte (pungarehu houra)
Ko te tātai ngota Na2CO3, he paura tae, he kirikiri rānei te konutai kāponāte waikore, ka mimiti i te wai me te hauhā waro i te rangi, ka pūpū, ka hanga he konutai paikāpōnate, ka wairewa ki te wai, kotahi te wāhanga wai o te konutai kāponāte wai, e whitu ngā wāhanga wai, tekau ngā wāhanga wai e toru. Whakamahia hei āwhina horoi huruhuru hipi, hei tae tika, hei tae whakamomona mō te miro me te muka viscose, hei kaihoko whakatika tae tauhohe, hei whakakore waro huruhuru hipi.

Haukinia hauwai (wai haukinia)
Ko te tauira ngota NH4OH, he wai mārama, he wai kōwhai pakupaku rānei, he kakara whakapataritari, ka taea te tangi i te tangata, me pupuri ki roto i tētahi ipu hiri, kia ngāwari te pirau hei haukini ina werahia, kia ngāwari te pakaru o te rōrahi o te ipu, kia tūpato kei wera te ipu haukini, kei wera rānei i te rā tika. Whakamahia hei āwhina horoi, hei kaihoko whakakore i muri i te tae ki ngā tae whakakotahi waikawa.

Trietanolamine
Ko te tātai ngota N(OH2CH2OH)3, he wai matotoru kore tae, he kakara haukini pakupaku, he kōwhai ngāwari ina pā ki te hau, he ngāwari ki te horoi, he wairewa ki te wai, he waikura ki te parahi me te konumohe, e whakamahia ana hei whakakore i te urea aldehyde, te kapia sianaldehyde tuatahi.

3.Okaihoko whakakōkī

hauwai waikura

Ko te tātai ngota H2O2, he wairewa wai ahumahi kei roto ko te 30-40%, he wai whakapataritari kore tae, he wai kōwhai mārama rānei, he ngāwari ki te pirau te hāora, ki te mea he iti noa te waikawa i roto i te wairewa, he pumau te wairewa, nō reira he iti noa te waikawa acetic, te waikawa phosphoric rānei i roto i ngā kaihanga hua, pērā i te tāpiri haukini, i tētahi atu kawakore rānei ki te wairewa, ka tere te hāora, he kaha te kaha waikura. Ka taea e te wairewa kukū te whakararuraru i te kiri, nā te mea ka rongoatia ki te wāhi hauhautanga, pōuri, me te hauhautanga, karohia te rā tika, ka whakamahia hei mā.

Konutai dichromate
Ko te tātai ngota Na2Cr7O7.2H2O, ko te ihirangi konutai bichromate he tata ki te 98%, he karaihe karaka-whero kanapa, he kaihoko waikura, he waikawa e tukuna ana e te wera nui, he ngawari ki te makuku, whero, he paitini, me whakanoho ki roto i te ipu hiri, hei whakamahi hei tae waikawa reo-kawa, hei tae whanariki i muri i te tae hei kaihoko waikura.

Potassium bichromate
Ko te tātai ngota K2Cr2O7, he karaihe karaka whero, he ākena waikura, kāore e ngāwari ki te memeha, he paitini, me penapena ki roto i tētahi ipu hiri, hei whakamahi hei whakakā mō ngā tae waikawa.

pāhare pākawa
Ko te tātai ngota KMnO4, he kanapa whakarewa papura, he tioata porotaka, he tioata porotaka rānei, he matū whakahāora kaha, me penapena ki roto i tētahi ipu katia, hei whakamahi mō te maimoatanga whakaheke huruhuru.

Konutai perborate
Ko te tātai ngota NaBO3.4H2O, he 96% te ihirangi konutai perborate, he tioata ma, he paura rānei, ā, ka mau tonu te hau makariri maroke, ā, ka pirau te hāora i te hau wera me te hau makuku, he ngāwari te pirau o te makuku, me penapena ki roto i te ipu hiri, hei whakamahi hei kaiwhakaora i muri i te tae i te muka viscose me te tae whanariki.

konutai haukōroiti
Ko te tātai ngota NaClO, he totoka kōwhai mā tino pūmau, he wairewa ki te wai, he wairewa wai kawakore te nuinga o te wā, kāore he tae ki te kōwhai paku, he kakara kaha, he waikura ki ngā konganuku, nā te mea ka whakamā te miro, ngā hua huruhuru hipi, me te ātete ki te mimiti o te huruhuru hipi.

4. Kaiwhakamārama

Kaiwhakamā rama VBL
Ko te momo Stilbene triazine, nō te tae tika anionic, he rite tonu tana mahi tae ki te tae tika, ka taea te whakamahi i te tote, te paura konutai hei whakatairanga i te tae, te tae puhoi me te kaihoko whakataurite, te paura kōwhai marama, he papura kikorangi te tae, ka wairewa i roto i te 80 ngā wā o te nui o te wai ngohengohe, me paku kawakore te wai rewa, ko te kaukau tae me te PH 8-9 reo, paku kawakore rānei te mea tino pai, ātete waikawa ki te PH 6, ātete kawakore ki te PH 11, ātete ki te wai mārō 300ppm, kāore e ātete ki ngā katote konganuku pērā i te parahi me te rino, ka taea te whakaranu ki ngā surfactants anionic me te kore-ionic, ngā tae anionic tika me te waikawa, engari kaua e whakamahia me ngā tae cationic, ngā surfactants cationic me te tinana tuatahi o te kapia hangai i roto i te kaukau kotahi, he pai mō ngā hua cellulose ma, mārama rānei, me tika te nui, ka heke te mā nui, ka kōwhai rānei, ā, he tika kia kaua e neke atu i te 0.4% te whakamahi mō ngā muka cellulose.

Kaiwhakamā rama VBU
Momo styrene triazine, paura kōwhai mārama, he kikorangi te tae, he wairewa i roto i te wai, ātete anionic, ātete waikawa ki te PH2-3, ātete alkali ki te PH10, ka taea te whakamahi me ngā surfactants anionic, kore-ionic, tae cationic, kaukau tuatahi o te kapia hangai, engari kāore e taea te whakamahi me ngā tae cationic me ngā tāpiringa cationic i roto i te kaukau kotahi, he pai mō te whakama i te muka cellulosic, te whakama i roto i te whakaoti kapia me te hanganga waikawa i roto i te kaukau kotahi.

Kaiwhakamā rama DT
Ko ngā matū Benzoxazole, ka taea te hanga waikawa kaha me te kawakore, ka wairewa i roto i te etanoru, he papura kikorangi te tae, he kowhai mā te whakapūkara kore-whakapūkara, ka taea te whakaranu ki te wai i roto i tetahi ōwehenga, nā te mea he mea noa te whakamahi i te waipiro polyvinyl i roto i ngā hua whakapūkara hei colloid tiaki, ā, ka whakapūkarahia ki ngā tote rerekē, nō reira he pai ake te whakamahi i roto i te kaukau kūpapa, paku waikawa rānei. Kua whakaranua te whakapūkara DT ki te dispersant N0.5% pea, i roto i te rokiroki ka tau te āhuatanga, me whakaranu katoa ina whakamahia kia pai ai te kukū, ka taea te whakamahi mō te polyester, te nairona me ētahi atu muka me ngā papanga whakaranu kia mā, i muri i te 140-160 nekehanga, 2 meneti te maimoatanga pāmahana teitei kia tino mahi ai te mā.

Kaiwhakamā rama WG
Paura kōwhai, he kikorangi te tae, he mārama kakariki, he kūpapa te wai, he ātete anionic, he ātete waikawa, he ātete wai mārō, he pānga ki te rino me te parahi te tae mā, ka memeha noa i te wā e whakamahia ana, kāore e ngāwari ki te penapena i te wai, ka whakamahia mō te whakama i te huruhuru hipi me te nairona.

Kaiwhakamā rama BCD
Ko te Pyrazoline, he paura kōwhai mārama, he papura te tae, kāore e rewa i te wai, ka taea te whakamarara ōrite ki te wai, he whakatārewatanga pumau, ka taea hoki te rewa i roto i te etanoru, te dimethylformamide, te ethylene glycol, te etera, me ētahi atu. Kore-ionic, ko tōna otinga wai 1% he tata koretake, e whakamahia ana mō te whakamārama kiriaku ma me te whakamārama muka tae mārama.

5. Whakaitihia

Te konutai whanariki (te konutai whanariki kawakore)
Ko te tātai ngota Na2S.9H2O, he 60% te nui o te konutai whanariki, he poraka whero kōwhai, he karaka rānei, he kakara hua pirau, he ngāwari ki te mimiti i te makuku i te rangi, ka waikura hei konutai thiosulfate, he wairewa ki te wai, he kaha te kawakore, he waikura ki te parahi, ā, ka whakamahia hei whakarewa tae waikura.

Paura inihua (konutai hyposulfite)
Ko te tātai ngota Na2S2O4, ko te ihirangi paura inihua ahumahi he 85-95%, kāore he wai tioata i roto i te taonga mō te tioata ma; He reka kawa te paura kua pania; Āraia te makuku, te wera, te pānga rānei ki te hau, hei ārai i te waikura me ētahi atu pānga o te ngoikore, me penapena ki roto i te ipu hiri, ātete makuku, ātete wera, ātete waikura; He kaha te kaha whakaiti, ā, ka wera te wai; Whakamahia hei tango i ngā kakahu tae me te tango i ngā tae mānu i muri i te tae polyester.

Paura makawe kua mā
He ranunga o te 60% paura inihua me te 40% konutai pyrophosphate, paura mā, hei penapena i roto i te ipu hiri, ka taea te wera, te makuku, te waikura me te pirau i muri i te wera, ka ngawari ki te tahu, ki te pahū rānei, he kaihoko whakaiti, he kaha te pānga whakama, ka whakamahia me te huruhuru hipi kua whakama, te hiraka me ētahi atu.

Paura kirīpi (poraka kirīpi, formaldehyde konutai bisulfate)
Ko te tātai ngota NaHSO2.CH2O.2H2O, he paura mā te ihirangi 98%, he paura tioata mā, he poraka rānei, hei penapena ki roto i tētahi ipu hiri, hei ārai i te wera, i te makuku, hei whakamahi hei whakaiti i te whakaiti huruhuru hipi, hei whakamahi i te umanga tā miro hei whakaiti i te tā, hei whakamahi hei tae i te kakahu.

Konutai bisulfite
Ko te tātai ngota NaHSO3, he paura tioata mā, he paura tioata rānei, he kakara hauhā whanariki, he wairewa ki te wai, he wairewa wai kawakore ngoikore, he ngāwari te tango, ka waikura ki te whanariki i te rangi, hei penapena ki roto i tētahi ipu hiri, hei whakamahi hei matū whakatakoto kakahu huruhuru, hei matū whakaiti huruhuru.

konutai whanariki
Ko te tātai ngota Na2SO3, he wairewa ki te wai, he ngāwari ki te waikura e te hau whanariki, he ngāwari ki te ngaro te wai hei paura tioata mā, he mea penapena ki roto i ngā ipu hiri, hei whakamahi hei matū whakatakoto kakahu huruhuru me hei whakaiti huruhuru.

6. Ngā Tote

Te konutai pūhaumāota (tote tēpu)
Ko te tātai ngota NaCl, he tioata mā, he ngawari te tango wai, e whakamahia ana hei whakateretere mō ngā tae tika, ngā tae whakamomona, ngā tae tauhohe, ngā tae whakaiti, me te mea whakaora anō hoki mō te whakawhiti katote i roto i te whakangawari wai.

Asetate konutai
Ko te tātai ngota CH3COONa.3H2O, he konutai acetate ahumahi kei roto i ngā wai tioata e toru, tata ki te 60% te konutai acetate, he wairewa i roto i te wai, he ngāwari ki te memeha i te rangi, he paura mā te konutai acetate waikore, e whakamahia ana hei whakakore i muri i te tae i ngā tae matatini waikawa; ko te kiriaku tae-tae cationic he parepare hei whakau i te uara PH.

te konupora whanariki
Ko te tātai ngota CuSO4.5H2O, kei roto ko te 5 tioata wai he karaihe kikorangi pouri, kāore he tioata wai he paura kikorangi mārama, he paitini, he wairewa i roto i te wai, e whakamahia ana hei kaihoko whakatika i muri i te tae tae tote parahi tika.

te haukiniuma whanariki
Ko te tātai ngota ngota (NH4)2SO4, he tioata iti mā, he kōwhai-iti rānei, e whakamahia ana hei tae waikawa kaukau waikawa ngoikore, hei tae waikawa kaukau kūpapa, hei kaihoko tae tae matatini kūpapa, urea aldehyde, hei whakakorikori kapia cyanaldehyde.

Āketita haukinia
Ko te tātai ngota CH3COONH4, he karaihe mā, he poraka tioata rānei, he ngāwari ki te tango, he paku kakara, he ngāwari ki te wairewa i roto i te wai, he waikawa te tauhohenga o te otinga wai, ka pirau te wai wera ki te waikawa acetic me te haukini, ko te tikanga me te waikawa acetic me te otinga haukini, ka whakamahia hei tae waikawa ngoikore.

Konutai hexametaphosphate
Ko te tātai ngota ngota (NaPO3)6, he kirikiri mārama kore tae, he kirikiri mā rānei, he ngāwari te tango, ka whakamakukuhia i te rangi, ka whakamakukuhia ki te disodium phosphate, ka whakamahia hei kaihoko whakangawari wai.

Haukinia pūhaumāota
Ko te tātai ngota NH4Cl, te tioata mā e memeha haere ana, ka memeha wera ki te NH3 me te HCl, e whakamahia ana hei whakakorikori mō te whakaotinga kapia.

konupora konupūmā
Ko te tātai ngota MgCl2.6H2O, he tioata monoclinic mā, ka taea te reka, ka wairewa i roto i te wai, ka whakamahia hei whakakorikori mō te whakaotinga kapia.
Ko te tātai ngota ngota konutai pirophosphate Na4P4O7.10H2O, he tioata monoclinic, i rewa i roto i te wai, ka kohuatia hei disodium hydrogen phosphate, he kawakore te wairewa. Whakamahia hei whakaū mō te whakamakuku hauwai peroxide.

Tātarite (tārata pāhare pākawa)
Ko te tātai ngota K(SbO)C4H4O6.1/2H2O, he 98% te ihirangi pāhare pāporo, he tioata mārama, he paura ma rānei, he paitini, ka memeha i te rangi, ka wairewa i te wai. He paku waikawa te wairewa, me pupuri ki roto i tētahi ipu hiri hei ārai i te pirau. Me whakakotahi ki te waikawa tannic hei tae waikawa ngoikore, hei tae tae tae tae tae tae tae tae tae tae tae tae tae tae tae tae tae tae tae tae tae tae tae tae tae tae tae tae tae tae tae tae tae tae tae tae tae tae tae tae tae tae tae tae tae tae tae tae tae tae tae tae tae tae tae tae.

konutai whanariki
Ko te tātai ngota Na2SO4, ko te taonga he tekau ngā tioata wai tioata konutai whanariki (whakatiotanga mārama ki roto i te poraka, i te ngira rānei) me te konutai whanariki paru (paura mā), kāore he kakara, he tote, he kawa, he wairewa i roto i te wai, e whakamahia ana hei tae tika, hei tae whanariki, hei tae tauhohe, hei kaihoko whakatairanga tae tae VAT, hei kaihoko tae puhoi o ngā tae waikawa, hei kaihoko horoi huruhuru hopi hangai.

7.Abluent

Hopi whakamārō

He ranunga o te waikawa ngako tote konutai C17H35COONa me te C17H33COONa, he surfactant anionic, he pai te pānga horoi me te emulsification, kāore e ātete ki te wai mārō, he ngāwari te waikura o te wairewa.
Ko te tātai ngota ngota o te hopi horoi 601, ko te CnH2n+1SO3Na, ko te toharite o ngā ngota waro he 16, he matū horoi anionic, he wai parauri kōwhai mārama, he ngāwari te wairewa ki te wai, tata ki te 25% te konutai sulfonate (AS), 5% te konutai pūhaumāota, 70% te wai, 1% te uara PH he 7-9, he kaha te aukati, he ātete waikawa, he ātete kawakore, he ātete wai mārō.

Hopi ahumahi
He matū horoi anionic, he paura beige, he ngāwari te wairewa ki te wai, kei roto tata ki te 30% te konutai alkyl benzene sulfonate (AAS), 68% te konutai whanariki, 2% te wai, 1% te uara wai o te otinga. Ko te uara PH o te 7–9, he tino pai te horoi, te urunga, te whakaemulsification me ētahi atu āhuatanga, he kaha te ātete ki te waikawa, ki te kawakore, ki te wai mārō, ki te mimiti makuku, engari he ngoikore te kaha ki te aukati i te paru i roto i te piri. Ka taea te whakapai ake mā te iti o te carboxymethyl cellulose.

Kaihoko horoi LS (Kaihoko horoi MA)
Ko te konutai amide ngako p-methoxybenzenesulfonate, he matū horoi anionic, he paura parauri, he ngāwari te wairewa ki te wai, he kūpapa te otinga wai 1%, ahakoa horoia ki te wai ngohengohe, ki te wai mārō rānei, he pai tana mahi urunga, te mahi tohatoha, ā, he ātete ki te emulsification, te whakataurite, te waikawa, te kawakore, te wai mārō.

209 Hopi horoi
Ko te N, N-ngako acyl methyl taurine konutai, he surfactant anionic, he kūpapa te otinga, he wai kōwhai marama, he ngāwari te wairewa i roto i te wai, ko te uara PH o te 1% wairewa wai ko 7.2-8, kei roto ko te 20% o te rauemi hohe horoi, he pai te horoi, te whakataurite, te urunga me te kaha emulsification, he ātete waikawa, he ātete kawakore, he ātete wai mārō.

Hopi horoi 105 (Hopi horoi R5)
He ranunga o te waipiro polyoxyethylene aliphatic ether 24%, polyoxyethylene phenyl alkyl phenol ether 10-12%, te hinu kokonati alkyl alkyl amide 24% me te wai 40%, he surfactant kore-ionic, he wai parauri mārama, he wāhanga hohe 60%, he ngāwari ki te wairewa i roto i te wai, ko te uara PH o te 1% wairewa wai he tata ki te 9, me te mākū, te urunga, te emulsification, te horapa, te pahuka, te tango hinu me ētahi atu āhuatanga.

Ramibon A (613 hopi horoi)
Ko te konutai waikawa amino acyl ngako, te waikawa ngako pūhaumāota me te pūmua hydrolytic hua, surfactants anionic, mō te wai parauri matotoru, ko te wāhanga whai hua whānui ko te 40%, ngāwari wairewa i roto i te wai, ko te uara PH o te 1% otinga wai ko te 8, kakara waikawa amino, ātete alkali, ātete wai mārō, kāore he ātete waikawa, whakamahia hei kaihoko horoi me te emulsifier, he ngoikore te mana tango hinu, ka taea hoki te whakamahi i ngā tae tika, te homogenizer tae vulcanized.

HOPI HOPI
He pai ngā pānga o ngā matū ethylene oxide imidazole, arā, ngā matū kore-ionic, ki te whakamarara, ki te whakaemulsifying me ētahi atu, he pai mō te horoi i te pāmahana iti 30-50 nekehanga, he wai mārama matotoru kōwhai, he 1% te uara PH wai 5-6, he ātete ki te wai mārō, he ātete ki te kawakore, he ātete ki te waikawa, he tino pai te horoi me te mākū, ā, he pānga horapa, whakaemulsification, he pānga whakataurite. Ka taea te whakaranu ki ngā momo matū me ngā tae, ā, he maha te whakamahinga mō te horoi i ngā kakahu huruhuru hipi me te maimoatanga i mua i te tae o te kiriaku, ka taea ai te hanga i ngā tae cationic kia ōrite te tae.