Te whānuitanga o te tono me te whakamahinga o te hauwai konutai

Te whānuitanga o te tono me te whakamahinga o te hauwai konutai

YANGZHOU EVERBRIGHT CHEMICAL CO.LTD.

Ko te papa houra kautika he momo houra kautika, ko tōna ingoa matū he konutai hauwai, he kawakore wairewa, he tino waikura, ka taea te whakamahi hei whakapūmau waikawa, hei ārai i te waikura, hei ārai i te ua, hei ārai i te tae, hei ārai i te hinu, hei ārai i te kiri, hei horoi i te hopi me ērā atu mea.

He tino maha ngā whakamahinga. Ko ngā whakamahinga noa o ngā papa houra tunutunu kua whakarāpopototia penei:

1, te hanga pepa:

Ko ngā rauemi mata mō te hanga pepa he rakau, he tarutaru rānei, ā, i tua atu i te cellulose, he nui hoki ngā mea kore-cellulose kei roto i ēnei tipu (te lignin, te kāpia, me ētahi atu). Ka whakamahia te kawakawa maramara mō te tango i te wera, ā, ka taea anake te whiwhi i te muka mā te tango i te lignin mai i te rakau. Ka taea te whakarewa i te wāhanga kore-cellulose mā te tāpiri i te wai houra waimeha, kia taea ai te whakarite i te cellulose hei wāhanga matua o te penupenu.

2, hinu parakore:

I muri i te horoinga o ngā hua hinu ki te waikawa whanariki, me horoi ētahi matū waikawa ki te wairewa kawakore, kātahi ka horoia kia puta ai he hua kua parakore.

3. Kakahu:

Ka rongoatia ngā papanga miro me te rinena ki te wai konutai hauwai (houkawa kautika) kukū hei whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga o te muka. Ko ngā muka horihori pēnei i te miro horihori, te huruhuru hipi horihori, te rayon, me ētahi atu, he muka viscose te nuinga, he mea hanga ki te cellulose (pēnei i te penupenu), te houkawa kautika, te waro disulfide (CS2) hei rauemi mata, he mea hanga ki te viscose, mā te miro, te whakapūpū.

4, tā me te tae:

Mā te otinga kawakore o te papanga miro ka taea te tango i te ware pi, te hinu, te māngaro me ētahi atu matū kua hipokina ki te papanga miro, me te whakanui ake i te tae mercerization o te papanga, kia ōrite ake ai te tae.

5, te hanga hopi:

Ko te wāhanga matua o te hopi ko te tote konutai o ngā waikawa ngako matatau, he mea hanga i te hinu me ngā papa kawakore hei rauemi mata mā te tauhohenga saponification. Haunga ngā tote waikawa ngako teitei, kei roto hoki i te hopi te rosin, te karāhe wai, ngā mea kakara, ngā tae me ētahi atu whakakī. I roto i te hanganga, kei roto i te konutai waikawa ngako teitei he wāhanga hydrophobic kore-polar (rōpū hydrocarbon) me te wāhanga hydrophilic polar (rōpū carboxyl). He āhuatanga oleophilic te rōpū hydrophobic. I te wā horoi, ka whakaohokia te hinu i roto i te paru, ka marara ki roto i ngā pata hinu iti, ā, i muri i te pa atu ki te hopi, ka whakaurua te rōpū hydrophobic (rōpū hydrocarbon) o ngā ngota konutai waikawa ngako teitei ki roto i ngā pata hinu, ā, ka herea ngā ngota hinu e ngā kaha van der Waals. Ko te rōpū hydrophilic (rōpū carboxyl), e ngāwari ana te rewa ki te wai, ka toro atu ki waho o te pata hinu ka whakaurua ki roto i te wai. Ko te wāhanga matua o te hopi ko NaOH, engari ehara te NaOH i te hopi. He hinuhinu tōna otinga wai, ā, ka taea te whakamahi hei hopi. He emulsifier te hopi. Ko te mātāpono ko te tauhohenga whakamomona CH3CO0CH2CH3+NaOH=CH3COONa+CH3CH2OH, ā, ko CH3COONa te matū hohe i roto i te hopi.

6, ahumahi matū:

Hei hanga konutai whakarewa, me whakamahi ngā papa kawakore i te wai hiko. He maha ngā tote kore-waro e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā papa kawakore, inā koa te hanga i ētahi tote kawakore (pērā i te borax, te silicate konutai, te phosphate konutai, te dichromate konutai, te sulfite konutai, me ētahi atu). Ka whakamahia hoki i roto i te hanga tae, rongoā me ngā takawaenga waro.

7, ahumahi whakarewa:

He maha ngā wā ka hurihia te wāhanga hohe o te konganuku hei tote konutai wairewa, kia tangohia ai ngā poke kore wairewa, nō reira, he maha ngā wā ka hiahiatia he papa kawakore hei tāpiri. Hei tauira, i roto i te tukanga whakarewa o te konumohe, ka whakamahia te whakarite i te cryolite me te maimoatanga o te bauxite.

8, te whakamahi i te raima hei whakapai ake i te oneone:

i roto i te oneone, nā te mea ka puta he waikawa waro i roto i te tukanga pirau, ka puta pea he waikawa i te huarere o ngā kohuke. Hei tāpiri, mā te whakamahi i ngā maniua kore-waro pērā i te ammonium sulfate, te ammonium chloride, me ētahi atu, ka waikawa anō hoki te oneone. Mā te paninga o te nui o te raima tika ka taea te whakakore i te waikawa i roto i te oneone, te hanga i te oneone kia pai mō te tipu o ngā hua, me te whakatairanga i te horapa o ngā moroiti. I muri i te pikinga o te Ca2+ i roto i te oneone, ka taea te whakatairanga i te whakapūpū o te colloid oneone, e whai hua ana ki te hanganga o ngā mea whakahiato, ā, i te wa ano, ka taea te whakarato i te konupūmā e hiahiatia ana mō te tipu o ngā tipu.

9. Te hanga Alumina:

Ka whakamahanahia te otinga NaOH hei whakarewa i te alumina i roto i te bauxite, ā, ka puta he konutai alumina.otinga kai. I muri i te wehenga o te otinga mai i te toenga (paru whero), ka whakaitihia te pāmahana, ka tāpirihia te hauwai konumohe hei purapura tioata, i muri i te wā roa o te whakaoho, ka pakaru te konutai aluminate ki te hauwai konumohe, ka horoia, ka whakapūkarahia ki te 950~1200℃, ka puta te hauwai konumohe kua oti. Ko te otinga i muri i te maturuturunga o te hauwai konumohe ka kiia ko te wai whaea, ka mimitihia, ka kukūhia, ka hangarua. Nā te rerekētanga o ngā hanganga tioata o te diaspore, te diaspore me te diaspore, he tino rerekē te wairewa i roto i te otinga houra kautika, nō reira me whakarato i ngā āhuatanga wairewa rerekē, ko te nuinga he rerekē ngā pāmahana wairewa. Ka taea te wairewa i te momo bauxite diaspore i te 125~140C, ā, ka taea te wairewa i te momo bauxite diaspore i te 240~260℃ me te tāpiri i te raima (3~7%).

10, ngā uku:

E rua ngā āhuatanga o te houra tunutunu i roto i te mahi hanga uku: tuatahi, i roto i te tukanga tahu uku, ka whakamahia te houra tunutunu hei wairewa. Tuarua, ka rakuraku, ka taratara rānei te mata o te uku kua tahuna, ā, i muri i te horoinga ki te wairewa houra tunutunu, ka maeneene ake te mata uku.

11, te patu huakita:

te whakakorenga o te pūmua huaketo. E whakamahia ana ēnei mō te horoi me te patu huakita i ngā pounamu i roto i te umanga waina.

12, hei tāpiri atu ki te wai para:

te kaha o te konutai waikura hei whakarerekē i te uara pH, te maimoatanga paru, kia taea ai te hangarua rauemi.

13, ngā whakaritenga matū, ngā tāpiringa ahumahi:

Ko te papa alkali e whakamahia ana i roto i te umanga rongoā hei whakakawa i ngā otinga, hei whakatika rānei i te pH o ngā otinga rongoā.

14, te whakakikorua hiko, te whakamahine tungsten.

Ko ngā papa kawakore i roto i te whakakikorua whakarewa hei otinga whakakikorua hiko, e mahi ana hei kaiārahi!

15, hanga hiraka, hanga miro raiona.

16. Ahumahi hiako (He kupu whakataki mō ngā whakamahinga e rua o ngā papa kawakore):

(1) Mō te tukanga hangarua o te wai pungarehu para kiri, rumakina, ka tāpirihia te wai konutai whanariki ki roto i te tukanga whakawhanui o nāianei.

I waenganui i ngā taahiraa e rua o te whakamakuku i te paura raima, ka whakanuia te whakamahinga o te 30% o te wairewa konutai hauwai me te taumaha tara 0.3-0.5% kia whānui rawa ai te muka o te kiri kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga o te tukanga, kia pai ake ai hoki te kounga o ngā hua haurua-oti.
(2) Hei reo kawakore me te kaiwhakakore, tāpirihia te nui o te wai ki te tauhohenga, kātahi ka whakamahanahia ki te 90°C mā te mamaoa, whakaohokia me te tāpiri i te waipiro polyvinyl, kātahi ka whakamatao ki te 80°C i muri i te memeha katoa o te waipiro polyvinyl. I muri i te whakaoho, tāpirihia te waikawa hauwaiora ki roto i te maturuturunga, whakaohokia tonu mō te 20 ki te 30 meneti, ka tāpirihia te nui o te wai formaldehyde i roto i te tauira. Puritia kia mahana i te 78~80℃, tukua kia tauhohe mō te 40~50 meneti, tāpirihia te otinga 10% konutai hauwaiora kua whakaritea mō te whakakore, whakamatao ki te 60~70℃, kātahi ka tāpirihia te tauira urea mō te maimoatanga amino, ka tātarihia te otinga piri mā te kupenga miro hei whakamahi rahui.

17, ahumahi matū polyester

e whakamahia ana mō te hanga waikawa formic, waikawa oxalic, borax, phenol, konutai cyanide me te hopi, ngā waikawa ngako hangai, te hopi horoi hangai, me ētahi atu.

18, ahumahi tā me te tae kakahu:

whakamahia hei kaihoko tango miro, hei kaihoko kohua, hei kaihoko mercerizing me te tae whakaiti, hei whakarewa tae kikorangi Haichang.

19, ahumahi whakarewa:

whakamahia hei hanga hauwai konumohe, waikura konumohe me te kaihoko maimoatanga mata whakarewa.

20, ahumahi taputapu,：

whakamahia hei whakawehe waikawa, hei tango tae, hei tango haunga.

21, ahumahi piripiri

whakamahia hei whakakōkī māngaro, hei whakakōpiri.

22, hanga phosphate, hanga manganate.

23. Te whakaora i te rapa tawhito.

24, ka taea te whakamahi hei hinu kiri citrus, hei hinu kiri pītiti me te hinu tango tae, hei hinu whakangawari kiri.

25, e whakamahia ana hoki te papa alkali i roto i te hanga patupatu.