Te pānga o te PAC i roto i te maimoatanga wai o te tipu hiko wera
1. Te tukatuka i mua i te wai whakakī
He maha ngā wā kei roto i ngā wai tūturu te paru, te uku, te humus me ētahi atu mea iri me ngā poke colloidal me ngā huakita, ngā harore, ngā rimurimu, ngā huaketo me ētahi atu moroiti, he pumau tonu i roto i te wai, koinei te tino take o te wai pōuri, te tae me te haunga. Ka uru atu ēnei matū rauropi nui ki te whakawhiti katote, ka poke i te kapia, ka whakaiti i te kaha whakawhiti o te kapia, ā, ka pā ki te kounga o te pūnaha tango tote. Ko te maimoatanga totoka, te whakamārama taunga me te maimoatanga tātari he tango i ēnei poke hei kaupapa matua, kia iti iho i te 5mg/L te ihirangi o ngā mea iri i roto i te wai, arā, kia mārama te wai. Ka kiia tēnei ko te maimoatanga wai-mua. I muri i te maimoatanga wai-mua, ka taea te whakamahi i te wai hei wai kohua anake ina tangohia ngā tote wairewa i roto i te wai mā te whakawhiti katote, ā, ka tangohia ngā hau wairewa i roto i te wai mā te whakamahana, te mimiti rānei, te pupuhi rānei. Ki te kore ēnei poke e tangohia i te tuatahi, kāore e taea te whakahaere i te maimoatanga i muri mai (te tango tote). Nō reira, he hononga nui te maimoatanga totoka o te wai i roto i te tukanga maimoatanga wai.
Ko te tukanga maimoatanga o mua o te tipu hiko wera penei: te wai mata → te whakapūmau → te whakatō me te whakamārama → te tātari. Ko ngā whakapūmau e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te tukanga whakapūmau ko te polyaluminum chloride, te polyferric sulfate, te konumohe sulfate, te ferric trichloride, me ētahi atu. Ko te kaupapa matua e whai ake nei ko te whakamahinga o te polyaluminum chloride.
Ko te polyaluminum chloride, e kiia nei ko te PAC, he mea hanga mai i te pungarehu konumohe, i ngā kohuke konumohe rānei hei rauemi mata, i te pāmahana teitei me te pēhanga motuhake me te tauhohenga kawakore me te konumohe ka puta he polymer, he rerekē ngā rauemi mata me te tukanga whakaputa, kāore i te ōrite ngā whakatakotoranga hua. Ko te tātai ngota o te PAC [Al2(OH)nCI6-n]m, ko n pea te tauoti i waenga i te 1 me te 5, ā, ko m te tauoti o te rōpū 10. Ka puta te PAC i roto i ngā āhua totoka me te wai.
2. Tikanga totoka
E toru ngā pānga matua o ngā matū whakapūkara ki ngā matūriki korōra i roto i te wai: te whakakore hiko, te piriti mimiti me te horoi. Ko tēhea o ēnei pānga matua e toru e whakawhirinaki ana ki te momo me te horopeta o te matū whakapūkara, te āhua me te nui o ngā matūriki korōra i roto i te wai, me te uara pH o te wai. He rite te tikanga mahi a te polyaluminum chloride ki te konumohe whanariki, ā, ko te whanonga o te konumohe whanariki i roto i te wai e pā ana ki te tukanga o te Al3+ e whakaputa ana i ngā momo momo waikura.
Ka taea te kī ko te polyaluminium chloride he momo hua takawaenga i roto i te tukanga waikura me te polymerization o te konumohe chloride ki Al(OH)3 i raro i ētahi tikanga. Kei roto tika i te wai i te ahua o ngā momo polymeric me A1(OH)a(s), me te kore e whai i te tukanga waikura o Al3+.
3. Ngā āhuatanga tono me ngā mea e awe ana
1. Te pāmahana wai
He mārama te pānga o te pāmahana wai ki te pānga o te maimoatanga totoka. Ina iti te pāmahana wai, ka uaua ake te waikura o te matū totoka, inā koa ina iti iho te pāmahana wai i te 5℃, ka puhoi te tere o te waikura, ā, he ngoikore te hanganga o te matū totoka i hangaia, he nui te wai, ā, he angiangi ngā matūriki. Ina iti te pāmahana wai, ka nui ake te whakarewa o ngā matūriki colloidal, ka roa te wā totoka, ā, ka puhoi te tere o te whakatō. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau he pai ake te pāmahana wai 25~30℃.
2. te uara pH o te wai
Ko te tukanga waikura o te polyaluminum chloride he tukanga tukunga tonu o te H+. Nō reira, i raro i ngā āhuatanga pH rerekē, ka rerekē ngā takawaenga waikura, ā, ko te uara pH pai rawa atu o te maimoatanga totoka polyaluminum chloride kei waenganui i te 6.5 me te 7.5. He teitei ake te pānga totoka i tēnei wā.
3. Te inenga o te matū whakakōkī
Ina kore e ranea te nui o te matū whakapūkara i tāpirihia, ka nui ake te paru e toe ana i roto i te wai tuku. Ina nui rawa te nui, nā te mea ka mimitihia e ngā matūriki korōra i roto i te wai te nui o te matū whakapūkara, ka rerekē te āhuatanga utu o ngā matūriki korōra, ka piki ake anō te paru e toe ana i roto i te wai para. Ehara te tukanga whakapūkara i te tauhohenga matū noa, nō reira kāore e taea te whakatau i te horopeta e hiahiatia ana i runga i te tātaitanga, engari me whakatau i runga i te kounga wai motuhake hei whakatau i te horopeta tika; ina rerekē te kounga o te wai i ia wā, me whakarerekē te horopeta.
4. Waehere whakapā
I roto i te tukanga maimoatanga totoka, i tētahi atu maimoatanga ua rānei, mēnā he nui te paparanga paru kei roto i te wai, ka taea te whakapai ake i te pānga o te maimoatanga totoka. Ka taea e ia te whakarato i tētahi mata whānui, mā te mimiti, te whakatere me te matua tioata, ka whakapai ake i te pānga o te maimoatanga totoka.
Ko te whakatōtō wai he tikanga whānuitia mō te maimoatanga wai i ēnei rā. E whakamahia ana te umanga polyaluminium chloride hei whakatōtō wai, he pai te mahi whakatōtō, he nui te whakatōtō wai, he iti te horopeta, he nui te whai huatanga, he tere te whakatōtō wai, he whānui te whānuitanga o te whakamahinga me ētahi atu painga, ki te whakatauritea ki te horopeta whakatōtō wai tuku iho, ka taea te whakaiti i te horopeta whakatōtō wai mā te 1/3~1/2, ā, ka taea te penapena i te utu mā te 40%. Mēnā ka whakamahia te tātari kore-taraiwa me te tātari waro whakahohe, ka tino heke te pōuri o te wai mata, ka pai ake te kounga o te wai para o te pūnaha tango tote, ā, ka piki ake hoki te kaha whakawhiti o te kapia tango tote, ā, ka whakaitihia te utu whakahaere.